Part One
Provisions Subject to Amendment
1.1 The Government of the Sovereign States
1.1.1 The Government of the Sovereign States shall consist of a Federal Administration and a number of States.
1.1.2 If the territory of the Sovereign States is held on a long-term lease from another nation, the contracting lessee shall be the Federal Administration.
1.1.3 Each State shall file articles of incorporation with the Federal Administration. The articles of incorporation shall identify the State as a private company in the business of optimizing human environments conducive to business and/or leisure activities there, and of leasing to its customers exclusive sites affording them access to and enjoyment of the same as members of the State. The articles of incorporation shall also identify the name of the State, the name and position of each member of the board of directors, and the address of the State headquarters (including the name and contact information of the primary contact). Each State shall establish bylaws to define the rules and regulations the State must abide by. The bylaws shall also define each position to be filled, the election and removal process, term, and obligation for each director and officer, the requirements for membership admittance to the State, and the process by which the bylaws shall be amended; bylaws shall be binding on the shareholders, directors, and officers of the State, subject to the provision that the bylaws may not conflict with the Constitution for the Sovereign States. Each State shall make annual rent payments directly to the Federal Administration in lieu of taxes for all members residing in or pursuing business and/or leisure activities in an environment designated by a lease agreement between the respective State and the Federal Administration. Rent shall be revised every five years to the current market value of the environment designated by the lease agreement. The current market value of the designated environment shall be independently appraised by three disinterested parties (the Federal Administration and the State each choosing one of three persons named by the other, and the third to be selected by those two). A partial refund on rent payments shall be returned to the States in any year with a budget surplus by dividing the surplus up proportionally by the percentage of the whole that each State paid in as rent.
1.1.4 The Citizens of the Sovereign States shall be any persons who, being competent, shall have signed and assented to this Constitution. Citizenship carries with it the right to vote and eligibility for public office, which are denied to non-Citizens. Thus the Government of the Sovereign States is a voluntary cooperative association, with free exit and entry. Citizens may renounce their Citizenship at any time, and reclaim it later as they choose. No competent person shall be barred from Citizenship. Criminal conviction shall not remove the rights, nor public office the responsibilities, of Citizenship.
1.1.5 Every Citizen shall have the right to launch a popular initiative calling for a national referendum to recall the President of the Sovereign States or any member of the House of Representatives, or to repeal any law, practice, or policy of the Government, exclusive of the provisions of this Constitution, by majority vote; a petition by not fewer than TBD Citizens shall be sufficient to establish the referendum.
1.1.6 The Federal Administration shall consist of a Legislature, an Executive, and a Judiciary.
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| Constitution for the Sovereign States |
1.2 The Federal Legislature
1.2.1 The Legislature shall be composed of two houses: the Senate, and the House of Representatives.
1.2.2 The Senate shall be composed of Citizens representing the States. Each State, regardless of size, shall send exactly one representative to the Senate. These members of the Senate are to be chosen by the board of directors in accordance with the bylaws of the respective States. Each member of the Senate shall serve a seven-year term; no member of the Senate may serve more than one term consecutively or three terms non-consecutively. Members of the Senate may be recalled in accordance with the bylaws of the relevant State for any reason.
1.2.3 The House of Representatives shall be composed of Citizens representing the Citizens of the Sovereign States. There shall be one Representative for every TBD Citizens. Half of these Representatives, the Representatives by Election, are to be chosen by majority (or plurality) vote of the Citizens by private ballot. The other half, the Representatives by Lot, are to be selected randomly from a pool of all Citizens willing to serve. These two kinds of Representatives shall have identical voting rights. Each Representative shall serve a seven-year term; no Representative may serve more than one term consecutively or three terms non-consecutively. Representatives of either sort may be recalled by national referendum as detailed in 1.1.5.
1.2.4 The Senate shall have the power to initiate legislation by a two-thirds vote; such legislation must then be approved by a two-thirds vote of the House of Representatives. Every bill which shall have passed the Senate and the House of Representatives shall, before it become a law, be presented to the Executive; if at least two of the Presidents approve it they shall sign it and it shall become law, but if not the Executive shall return it with their objections to the Senate, which shall proceed to reconsider it. If after such reconsideration four-fifths of the Senate shall agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent, together with the objections, to the House of Representatives, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and if approved by four-fifths of the House of Representatives, it shall become a law. Any bill, before it may become a law, must embrace no more than one subject, which shall be expressed in its title; appropriation bills shall concern only spending of monies and shall not mandate any other action or conduct, nor shall any bill except a general budget bill contain more than one item of appropriation, and that for one expressed purpose. In the case of bills that contain spending appropriations, the Executive may exercise a line-item veto, signing some provisions into law and sending others back with objections to the Senate. If any bill shall not be returned by the Executive within fourteen days after it shall have been presented to them, the same shall be a law, in like manner as if they had signed it, unless the Legislature by their adjournment prevent its return, in which case it shall not be a law. The Senate shall also have power to propose Amendments to this Constitution as detailed in Section 2.1.
1.2.5 The House of Representatives shall have no power to initiate legislation, but shall have, in addition to the power of vetoing proposed Federal legislation, the power to repeal any already existing Federal legislation. A one-third-plus-one vote in favor of repeal shall be sufficient to repeal the legislation; no executive review shall be required. The House of Representatives shall also have power to pass judgment on proposed Amendments to this Constitution as detailed in Section 2.1.
1.2.6 Each of the two houses of the Legislature shall regulate its own affairs, determine its own rules of procedure, and choose its own officers, including its President.
1.2.7 The powers of the Legislature shall be restricted to the following provisions:
a) to protect the rights of the people to their persons and property;
b) to conduct the financial affairs of the Federal Administration;
c) to collect rent from the several States, for the purpose of paying the debts and providing for the common defense of the Sovereign States, and likewise to solicit voluntary contributions to the Treasury, or to provide services such as lotteries to that end;
d) to declare war in defense of the Sovereign States, and to make peace, and to raise and support a military force by voluntary conscription, which shall not remain standing except in time of declared war; no appropriation of money to that use shall be for a term longer than two years;
e) to vest the appointment of such officers whose appointments are not herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be established by Federal law, in the Executive or in the Judiciary, as the Legislature deems proper;
f) to impeach any Federal officer;
g) to make such laws as shall be necessary for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this Constitution in the Federal Administration, or in any department or officer thereof, provided that no law imposing greater restrictions on the people than needed for the attainment of this end shall be regarded as necessary.
1.2.8 No money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in consequence of appropriations made by Federal law; and statements and accounts of the receipts and expenditures of the Federal Administration shall regularly be made public.
1.2.9 All elected and appointed officials in the Federal Administration shall, at stated times, receive for their services a compensation until their term of office expires and not beyond, to be determined by the Legislature; but such compensation shall be neither increased nor diminished during the period for which they shall have been elected, and shall in any case exceed the average Citizen's income by no more than TBD percent; this figure to be determined or approximated by statistical methods involving no compulsory disclosure of information on the part of Citizen's. Nor shall any Federal officer receive any compensation in any year in which the Federal budget is not balanced (nor may any budget item be declared "off-budget").
1.2.10 The Federal laws (unlike a State lease agreement) shall apply to anyone within the territory of the Sovereign States, whether Citizen or not.
1.2.11 The sum total of Federal laws may not exceed one million words. Any Federal laws passed after this limit has been reached, no previous laws having been repealed, are void and unlawful. Also, each Federal law, before being passed, must be read aloud, at normal speed, to a quorum of each house of the Legislature. These provisions may not be evaded by attempting to give the force of law to documents that are not Federal laws by passing Federal laws which merely refer to these documents. All laws shall be written in a manner that clearly defines what is being passed, enforced, funded, or restricted. No law shall be written in a manner that is vague, nor open to the interpretation (nor to the whim), of any branch of government.
1.2.12 It shall be the duty of the Federal Legislature to refuse their assent to, or to repeal, any laws in conflict with the Constitution for the Sovereign States.
1.2.13 The deliberations of the Legislature shall be open to public view and record.
1.2.14 The Legislature may not delegate its legislative authority to any other person, body, or bureau.
1.2.15 Each house of the Legislature, subsequent to the first election, shall be divided by lot into three classes, as nearly equal as possible, with one class retiring at the end of the third year, another at the end of the fifth, and another at the end of the seventh. Temporary vacancies in the States may be made up by the Executive until an election can be held. Temporary vacancies in the Senate may be made up in such manner as the bylaws of the relevant State may direct.
1.3 The Federal Executive
1.3.1 The Federal Executive shall be composed of three Citizens: the President of the Senate, elected by majority (or plurality) vote of the Senate; the President of the House of Representatives, elected by majority (or plurality) vote of the House of Representatives; and the President of the Sovereign States, to be elected by majority (or plurality) vote of the Citizens by private ballot. The will of the Executive is to be determined by a two-thirds vote of the Presidents. Each President shall serve a term of no longer than five years; no President may serve more than one such term consecutively or three such terms non-consecutively. The Executive term of the President of either house of the Legislature shall expire prematurely on the expiration without renewal of said President's Legislative term. The President of the Senate may be recalled as the Senates rules of procedure may direct; the President of the House of Representatives may be recalled as the House of Representatives rules of procedure may direct; the President of the Sovereign States may be recalled by national referendum as detailed in 1.1.5.
1.3.2 The Executive shall from time to time publicly give to the Legislature information of the state of the nation, and recommend to their consideration such measures as the Executive shall judge necessary and expedient.
1.3.3 The powers of the Executive shall be restricted to the following:
a) to be Commander in Chief of the military, when called into the actual service of the Sovereign States (but this shall not be construed to extend to the Executive the power to initiate military action);
b) to make treaties and to appoint ambassadors and other public officers, by and with the advice and consent of two-thirds of each house of the Legislature, and to commission all the officers of the Sovereign States by competitive exam established by the Federal Legislature;
c) to receive ambassadors and other public ministers;
d) to convene, on extraordinary occasions, either or both houses of the Legislature (but the Executive shall not convene the Legislature at strange or difficult times or locations);
e) to sign or veto legislation as provided for in the section on the Legislature;
f) to assemble a cabinet to advise and assist in carrying out the duties of the Executive and shall include, but not be limited to (provided powers don't exceed the limits set by this Constitution), the following officers: a Secretary of State (concerned with foreign affairs), a Secretary of the Treasury (concerned with financial and monetary matters), a Secretary of Defense (concerned with defending the Sovereign States from hostile invasion), and an Attorney-General (concerned with legal matters).
1.3.4 In time of war, any President may delegate his or her decision-making authority to any other President, for a stated period revocable only by majority vote of the Presidents, and not to exceed three months (but renewable thereafter).
1.3.5 Any President shall have power to grant reprieves and pardons for any offenses tried under the laws of the Sovereign States, except in cases of impeachment.
1.3.6 It shall be the duty of the Federal Executive to refuse assent to or execution of any laws in conflict with the Constitution for the Sovereign States, and to grant reprieves or pardons to any persons accused of violating such laws.
1.3.7 The three members of the Executive, subsequent to the first election, shall be assigned terms by lot, with one retiring at the end of the first year, another at the end of the third, and another at the end of the fifth.
1.3.8 The Legislature may by law provide for the case of removal, death, resignation, or inability of any member of the Executive, declaring what officer shall succeed to that office, and such officer shall act accordingly until the disability be removed or a new president shall be selected in the usual manner.
1.4 The Federal Judiciary
1.4.1 The Federal Judiciary shall be composed of a Supreme Court and an independent judiciary.
1.4.2 The Supreme Court shall consist of TBD Citizens, and shall judge by majority vote. Appointments to the Supreme Court, barring impeachment, shall be for a seven-year term, and shall be made by the Executive and confirmed by a majority vote of both houses of the Legislature. No member of the Supreme Court may serve more than one term consecutively or three terms non-consecutively. The Supreme Court, subsequent to the first appointment, shall be divided by lot into three classes, as nearly equal as possible, with one class retiring at the end of the third year, another at the end of the fifth, and another at the end of the seventh.
1.4.3 The independent judiciary shall consist in a private judicial service or services, under contract to the Federal Administration. Such contracts are to be established and revoked by majority vote of both houses of the Legislature. Such private judicial service shall be considered a division of the Federal Judiciary (and thus of the Government under this Constitution) for the duration of its contract and no longer.
1.4.4 Cases brought before the Federal Judiciary shall first be heard by the independent judiciary; the Supreme Court shall serve as the final court of appeal, but may refuse to hear any appeal.
1.4.5 Fees for Federal court services shall be determined by Federal legislation.
1.4.6 The power of the Judiciary shall be restricted in the first instance to the adjudication of disputes among the branches of the Federal Administration (except disputes to which the Federal Judiciary is a party), or between the Federal Administration and a State, or between the Federal Administration and a Citizen, or between the Federal Administration and a non-Citizen, or between one State and another, or between one State and the members of another, or between members of different States, or between a State and its own members, or between a State and non-Citizens, or between Citizens and non-Citizens, or among non-Citizens.
1.4.7 In addition, disputes among members of the same State may be adjudicated by the Federal Judiciary if the lease agreement of that State grant such jurisdiction to the Federal Judiciary; disputes to which the independent judiciary is a party may be adjudicated by the Supreme Court; disputes to which the Supreme Court is a party may be adjudicated by the independent judiciary, without appeal to the Supreme Court; and disputes between the Supreme Court and the independent judiciary, and disputes to which the Federal Judiciary as a whole is a party, may be adjudicated in such manner as the Legislature may determine.
1.4.8 Disputes between the independent judiciary and other divisions of the Government are to be adjudicated as provided by contract.
1.4.9 The Judiciary shall have no power of compulsory witness, nor of compulsory jury empanelment.
1.4.10 It shall be the chief aim of judicial adjudication to secure restitution for the victim to the fullest degree possible at the expense of the criminal or wrongdoer. Likewise, the government (whether Federal or State) shall as far as possible make full restitution for all loss suffered by persons arrested, indicted, restrained, imprisoned, expropriated, or otherwise injured in the course of criminal proceedings that do not result in their conviction. When they are responsible, government employees or agents shall be liable for this restitution. The claim of a victim (or class of victims) to restitution shall be a marketable claim, which may be acquired through gift or sale (or, in the case of deceased victims, through bequest or homesteading).
1.4.11 The victim shall have the right to direct the prosecution in criminal cases, so far as is consistent with full respect for the rights of the accused.
1.4.12 In all criminal prosecutions in which the law in question contradicts the principles of the Bill of Rights, jurors shall be encouraged to acquit. In all criminal prosecutions in which the government (whether Federal or State) has violated the Bill of Rights to obtain evidence or to establish a conviction, the case shall be dismissed. In all criminal prosecutions in which the injured party is a government official who violated the Bill of Rights protections of the accused, such violations will be admissible as a positive defense of the accused.
1.4.13 It shall be the duty of the Federal Judiciary to strike down as void and unlawful any laws, whether Federal or State, in conflict with the Constitution for the Sovereign States.
1.4.14 The Federal Judiciary shall not construe any part of this Constitution to be without effect, or to be judicially unenforceable.
1.5 The States
1.5.1 In becoming a Citizen of the Sovereign States, one also becomes the member of a State. The States are not geographically or territorially defined entities, but free associations of Citizens. There shall be no fewer than one State for every TBD Citizens, and in any case no fewer than TBD States in total. Membership to a State may change at any time to that of any other State, without a change in residence, when a State is dissolved, sold, or when ownership rights to the State are transferred. The method of determining a State's vote on proposed Amendments to the Constitution for the Sovereign States (see Section 2.1) shall be determined in the bylaws of that State.
1.5.2 Membership in a State shall be established by a lease agreement between a Citizen of the Sovereign State and the respective State; subsequent changes to the lease agreement shall be revised, and measures for enforcement determined, in accordance with the provisions of the lease agreement. The lease agreement of each State shall be binding on its members, subject to the provision that the lease agreement may not conflict with the Constitution for the Sovereign States, and that free exit and entry must always be permitted. No State shall have authority over persons who are not its members, unless by prior agreement with those persons or with their State, except insofar as is necessary to protect against aggression the rights of its members to their persons and property. The method of determining a Citizen's vote on proposed Amendments to the Constitution for the Sovereign States (see Section 2.1) shall be determined in the lease agreement between the Citizen and the respective State.
1.5.3 No Citizen shall be denied membership in a State, except on the grounds that he or she is already a member of another State. Plural State membership shall be permissible if authorized by the bylaws of the States involved. Members of one State may change their residence and membership at any time to that of any other State.
1.5.4 Any association of TBD or more Citizens may constitute themselves as a new State under the Constitution. A State may sell or transfer ownership of its leasehold (either in whole or in part) in accordance with its own bylaws.
1.5.5 A State may dissolve itself in accordance with its own bylaws, unless such dissolution should bring the number of States below the required number. In addition, any State whose membership falls below TBD shall be regarded as dissolved, subject to the same qualification.
1.5.6 Disputes among members of the same State, if adjudicated under this Constitution, are to be adjudicated in accordance with the lease agreement of that State, allowing or not allowing for Federal appeal as those provisions may determine. Disputes across State boundaries are to be adjudicated as detailed in the section on the Federal Judiciary.
1.5.7 The manner of holding elections and referenda, shall be determined by the Federal Legislature by two-thirds vote of each house; elections and referenda shall in all cases be universal, free, and secret. A petition of not fewer than TBD Citizens shall be sufficient to place a candidate on the ballot; and each ballot shall contain the alternative "None of the above is acceptable." In the event that "None of the above is acceptable" receives a plurality of votes in any election, the elective office for that term shall remain unfilled and unfunded.
1.5.8 No State shall, without the consent of the Federal Legislature, enter into any agreement or compact with a foreign power, or engage in war unless required by such imminent danger as will not admit of delay.
1.5.9 Rent payments made by the Citizen's of each State shall be negotiated in the provisions of the lease agreement between the Citizen and the respective State; the basis for this figure shall be determined or approximated by statistical methods involving no compulsory disclosure of information on the part of Citizen's.
1.5.10 The several States that are part of the Government of the Sovereign States are not united on the principle of unlimited submission to the Federal Administration, but that by a compact they delegate to the Federal Administration certain definite powers, reserving the residuary mass of rights to their own self-government. The powers of the Federal Administration as resulting from this Constitution to which the States are parties, as limited by the plain sense and intention of this Constitution, as no further valid than the States are authorized by the grants enumerated in this Constitution; and that, in case of a deliberate, palpable, and dangerous exercise of other powers, not granted by this Constitution, the States have the right, and are in duty bound, to interpose, for arresting the progress of the evil, and for maintaining, within their respective limits, the authorities, rights and liberties, appertaining to them. When the Federal Administration acts beyond the scope of its delegated powers, any State may determine that the act is unauthoritative, void, and of no force, and issue an Ordinance of Nullification (to be approved as the bylaws of the individual States shall direct). A one-eighth-plus-one vote in favor of repeal shall be sufficient to repeal the undelegated act by the Senate at the next session of the Federal Legislature (a process to be initiated as the bylaws of the individual States shall direct); no executive review shall be required.
Part Two
Provisions Not Subject to Amendment
2.1 Provision for Amendments
2.1.1 The Legislature, whenever four-fifths of both Houses shall deem it necessary, shall propose Amendments to this Constitution (a process to be initiated by a four-fifths vote of the Senate, and confirmed by a four-fifths vote of the House of Representatives), which Amendments shall be valid to all intents and purposes as part of this Constitution when ratified by both four-fifths of the States (to be determined as the bylaws of the individual States shall direct) and two-thirds of the Citizens, provided that no Amendment shall in any manner affect Part Two of this Constitution.
2.1.2 All Amendments shall collectively constitute Part Three of this Constitution; the Legislature shall have the power to enforce any Amendment by appropriate legislation, so far as such power is consistent with those provisions of the Constitution not subject to Amendment.
2.2 Bill of Rights
2.2.1 The following protections of rights shall be binding upon the States and all branches of the Federal Administration. Public officials and government employees possess no special rights, immunities, or exemptions not possessed by other Citizens; nor shall crimes against the Government of the Sovereign States or its officers be labeled "treason," or regarded as more serious than crimes against other organizations or individuals. Moreover, apart from the rights of suffrage, referendum initiative, and the holding of public office under the Constitution for the Sovereign States, which are reserved to Citizens alone, the following rights apply to all persons equally, regardless of Citizenship or residency, with the qualification that persons judged incompetent (e.g., young children, or the mentally ill) may have their rights suspended in order to secure those ends to which, so far as can be established, they would be likely to consent if competent; but such persons retain in full force, as do others acting on their behalf, the right to challenge in court their status as incompetent no less often than once a year, and to sue for false judgment. Every person of the age of TBD or greater shall be assumed competent, and every person under the age of TBD shall be assumed incompetent, until proven otherwise in a Federal court. The standard of evidence necessary to prove incompetence shall be higher than the standard of evidence necessary to prove competence. Every person of the age of TBD or greater shall have the right of consent to sexual intercourse or activity, unless proven incompetent in a Federal court.
2.2.2 The laws of the Sovereign States shall apply equally to all persons regardless of gender, ethnicity, opinions, religion, national origin, or peaceful lifestyle. Nor shall the courts grant to any profession or body of thought an effective "monopoly on truth" by permitting its findings to be entered as evidence while at the same time denying the same privilege to its rivals.
2.2.3 No law shall abridge the right of each person to do as he or she chooses with his or her own person and property, so long as he or she does not interfere, by force or fraud (or the threat thereof), with the equal right of others to do as they choose with their own persons and property.
2.2.4 No law shall abridge the right of persons to the peaceful control of their own bodies, nor interfere with voluntary consensual, contractual, or marital relations among persons, or the right to form cooperative ventures of any kind; nor invade the privacy of peaceful persons, nor by confiscation, expropriation, regulation, redistribution, restriction, control, or any other means abridge the right of any person to acquire property by homestead, purchase, or gift, or to use, control, exchange, lease, sell, transfer, bequeath, dispose of, or in any manner enjoy, their property without interference, until and unless the exercise of their control infringes the freedom of others; nor shall private property be fully or partially taken for public use without the consent of, and mutually agreeable compensation to, the owner.
2.2.5 No law shall create a class of victimless or consensual crimes (including, but not limited to: attempted suicide, nudity, pornography, violent media, narcotics, alcohol, gambling, and prostitution).
2.2.6 No law shall abridge the right of freedom of association; any person may associate or transact with any other person or refuse to associate or transact with any other person for any reason, and the proprietor or lawful possessor of any movable or immovable property may exclude or refuse admission to any other person, except where such property is being used to violate the rights of others.
2.2.7 No law shall abridge the freedom of thought and feeling, or their peaceful expression or dissemination, as in speech, press and other media, artistic depiction, or religious practice; nor shall any law be made to promote or hinder religion, artistic culture, education, scientific research, or communication; nor shall the government of the Sovereign States operate, support, or subsidize any school, college, or university.
2.2.8 No law shall abridge the right of the people peaceably to assemble, or to petition the government for a redress of grievances.
2.2.9 No law shall countenance the existence of slavery, conscription, indenture, or any other form of involuntary servitude (including, but not limited to: anti-strike legislation, taxes, coerced testimony, subpoena, contempt of court, compulsory jury service, and involuntary patient hospitalization or commitment), within the Sovereign States, or in any place subject to its jurisdiction. Nor shall any person be compelled by law to serve as an incubator for an unborn fetus; the right to defend one's bodily integrity extends to the right to abort an unwanted pregnancy.
2.2.10 No law shall restrict or hamper the free and peaceful movement of persons, goods, or ideas within or across the borders of the Sovereign States. No taxes of any kind shall be imposed on the income, person, or property of any Citizen of the Sovereign States; nor shall any revenue (from State rent payments, voluntary contributions, or any other service) be used by the Federal Administration to foster, appropriate, franchise, protect, insure, or subsidize commerce, labor unions, religion, science, charity, education, general welfare, social security, any branch of industry, or any public works program.
2.2.11 No law shall abridge the right of any person to use or issue any commodity or item as currency. Nor shall the government of the Sovereign States engage in monetary regulation or issue of any sort.
2.2.12 No law shall abridge the right of self-defense by victims or their agents against initiators of aggression (including governments or their agents), including the right to own, manufacture, sell, and bear armaments of any kind; but the right of self-defense shall not be construed to license resistance on the part of such aggressors to the legitimate use of force against them in defense of the rights of their victims. Retributive punishment, or any coercive treatment disproportionate to the seriousness of the aggression or exceeding that required to restrain an aggressor, protect actual or potential victims of that aggressor, or secure restitution, is hereby prohibited.
2.2.13 No law shall establish occupational licensure, nor make or claim grants of monopoly privilege, nor restrict competition or free entry into any profession or industry, including the services of adjudication, protection, and enforcement of legitimate rights. Nor shall any law grant copyrights or patents, or recognize their legitimacy; this provision shall not, however, be construed to license the fraudulent marketing of one person's work under the false pretense that it is another's.
2.2.14 No person shall be convicted for violating government secrecy classifications unless the government discharges its burden of proving that the publication violated the right of privacy of those who have been coerced into revealing confidential information to government agents, or disclosed defensive military plans so as to materially impair the capability to respond to attack; but it shall be a valid defense to such prosecution that information divulged shows that the government has violated the law.
2.2.15 Any owner or owners of land may secede with their property from the jurisdiction of the Sovereign States, whereupon their territory shall become a sovereign independent state in accordance with international law.
2.2.16 The enumeration in this Constitution of certain rights shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.
2.2.17 The powers not delegated to the Federal Administration by this Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.
2.2.18 The existence of a state of emergency shall not be construed to limit the individual rights, or to expand the governmental powers, herein enumerated.
2.2.19 No bill of attainder or ex post facto law shall be passed.
2.2.20 No law shall establish minimum-living, minimum-wage, or fair-price standards of any sort; nor shall the government of the Sovereign States prevent the use of any test that measures health, fitness, or cognitive ability.
2.2.21 The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended for any reason. No person shall be convicted, sentenced, or imprisoned without due process of law, including the right to trial and habeas corpus, and there shall be no detention without trial, nor shall any person either before or after trial be held incommunicado. An accused person shall be assumed innocent until proven guilty. A person who has been arrested, detained, imprisoned, tried, or sentenced either illegally or in error shall receive restitution. At every stage of criminal process, an accused shall be informed of the charges against him or her, and to the privilege of counsel. An accused who does not speak the language in which the proceedings are conducted shall be provided without expense the services of an interpreter.
2.2.22 The right of the people to be secure in their persons, dwellings, vehicles, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched and the persons or things to be seized; nor shall any person be subject for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of penalty; nor shall any be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against him or herself, nor be deprived of liberty or property without due process of law. Where illegally obtained evidence is judged to be admissible in court, those who obtained it remain subject to criminal prosecution.
2.2.23 Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor torture or other cruel, unusual, or degrading treatment inflicted. Convicted criminals shall not have their liberty restricted except so far as is necessary for the protection of others, nor their property seized except so far as is necessary to make restitution to the victim and to pay the costs of the criminal's capture and trial.
2.2.24 No title of nobility shall be granted by the Sovereign States, and no person holding any office of profit or trust under them, shall accept of any present, emolument, office, or title, of any kind whatever, from any king, prince, or foreign state.
2.2.25 No person shall fill more than one official post nor take part in two legislative bodies at the same time.
2.2.26 No law shall restrict private management of any air, water or land areas, including, but not limited to: signals, lakes, rivers, streets, roads, bridges, or any public works services; nor shall the right of the victims of pollution, or aggression, to engage in a class action suit against a polluter, or aggressor, be abridged or denied.
2.2.27 No law shall establish, recognize, finance, or subsidize any political party, state religion, or theocratic institution of any kind.
TBD = To Be Determined by the Citizens of the Sovereign States
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